Domestic Violence Against Women - 966 Words

Domestic Violence against Women Name Course Instructor Institution Date of submission Domestic Violence against Women Domestic violence is known in different ways, which are domestic abuse, intimate partner or battering. Domestic violence occurs in a relationship between intimate people. It can take many forms including sexual and physical abuse, threat of abuse and emotional. Domestic violence is mostly directed towards women, though men are abused but chances are minimal. Domestic violence happens in same sex or different sex. According to Mayo clinic staff, it is difficult to identify domestic violence at first. Domestic violence may start at the onset of the relationship. Those who experience domestic violence in a relationship†¦show more content†¦She had to go to court to renew her emergency protection order. On her last day made her laugh by mocking the Respondent death threat love letter. In the respondent absence the finally granted her two year order of protection. She walked into so much sunshine (Queeney, 2013). Psychological Harassment Harassment elements include threatening physical harm to self, partner, partner’s family, and children, causing fear by intimidation; destruction of pets and property; and forcing isolation from family, work, school, or friends. In this domestic violence can happen to anyone not considering age, race religion, gender or sexual orientation? People of all socioeconomic background and education levels are affected by domestic violence and more so women in particular who are in intimate partners, married, living together or dating. Those who are affected are not only abused but also family members, friends and the community at large. Conclusion From the above journals, though there is heavy fine and proper legal framework in place. Domestic violence against women is a challenge to the society across the globe. Women need to be reassured free domestic environment. This will enhance women empowerment. Those in relationship should exercise tolerance, proper handling of issues, love and forgiveness. References McKinley, J. (2013). Ethics Panel Fines Lopez $330,000 in Harassment Case. New York Times. Retrieved on 4 July 2013 fromShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Violence Against Women1662 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of domestic violence is, â€Å"Violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm†. Domestic violence takes place in many forms, including physical assault, threats, sexual abuse, intimidation, etc. Domestic violence destroys the meaning behind a home and the feeling of a safe environment. No one man, woman, or child deserves to be abused. The abuser is the one who should take responsibility of the violence occurring, notRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women815 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent data available from 2015, it was disclosed that nearly 92,000 Canadians had report to the police an incident related to domestic violence; of this number, 80% of them were women (Burczycka, 2017). It is then no surprise that intimate partnership violence has been found to be one of th e major causes of violence against women in Canada (Ministry of the Status of Women, 2015). Many agencies focus on supporting directly the female victims and providing them with secured shelters and safe spacesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Violence Against Women2254 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation† (Aziz Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as aRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Men and Women1449 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence against Men and Women Sandra Marable Kaplan University CM-220 Professor Freiteg May 20, 2013 Whenever the thought of domestic violence comes to mind, more than often the visual picture is a women or a child. However, there is another side that has been ignored because it is pushed under the rug. The unfortunate fact is that men are the victims of domestic violence at least as often as women are. While the very idea of men is being beaten by their wivesRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence Against Women1497 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last 50 years the world has made huge strides against the issue of domestic violence against women. While this may seem like a great moral victory for us as a society we have a long way to go before the issue is under control. The very image of a man striking a woman immediately strikes a chord with most of us, causing great discomfort. If we switch the roles however the same proverbial chord lies there dormant. In fact when a man is struck in a movie by a woman it is often displayedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women And Children 1115 Words   |  5 PagesWomen aren’t the only victims of domestic violence. Society must recognise, support and protect all victims of domestic violence. Good morning everyone. Victoria’s CSA chief statistician Fiona Dowsley states domestic violence reports in Victoria have topped 70,000 cases in the last year. With these results it would be assumed that they would be directly related to women. Since the recent illegalisation of domestic violence results show that women and children aren’t the only victims. Domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Indigenous Women947 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle â€Å"Domestic violence against indigenous women is everybody’s problem† domestic violence is depicted as a serious social problem that involves â€Å"unspeakable acts of violence† that leaves victims experiencing fear and despair (Taylor 2014). More specifically, the social construction of domestic violence will be discussed with an emphasis on Aboriginal women and a typology of intimate partner violence. The social construction of domestic violence has serious implications for victims of domestic abuseRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women And Girls1600 Words   |  7 Pageshuman rights, to support and help survivors of violence, to explain why violence against women and girls is not acceptable, and to ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted and punished. This was spoken by the Minister for Equality and Ecclesiastical Affairs and the Minister for Development Cooperation in Denmark. The country of Denmark is a small nation that faces the problem of domestic violence. To comprehend the issue of domestic violence against women in Denmark, it is important to understand theRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Act1639 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal government to take part in the battle against domestic violence. This new law, named the VAWA, acknowledged that violence against women is a crime with far-reaching, harmful consequences for families, children and society (Domestic and Sexual Violence Data Collection, A Report to Congress under the Violence Against Women Act, 1 [NIJ Research Report 1996]). To fight this violent crime problem, VAWA made federal domestic violence crimes to be act against by the Department of Justice. Reliable withRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay2203 Words   |  9 Pagesof Violence against Women (1993) defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. (UN General Assembly 1993). It is violence in private life that comprises domestic violence against women. Also called Intimate Partner Abuse and Family Violence, it

The Allegory of the Cave - 700 Words

Plato wrote â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† in the early 300 B.C. This parable has left many scholars dumbfounded throughout centuries because of the insight Plato fills the pages within the story. It is a story of prisoners trapped in a cave, but specifically about a mans journey from ignorance to knowledge. This is the worldly take on the story—in a biblical point of view it is still a journey from ignorance to knowledge, but in a very different context. The journey from the darkness of the cave into the light of the outside world in Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† can be paralleled with the unbelievers journey into salvation. The story starts out with a group of people who have been chained and peering at a wall for all of their lives. The†¦show more content†¦After more time he is able to see things themselves and look at the moon and starts and finally the actual sun. His time outside of the cave has opened his eyes to things he never kne w existed, at this time he remembered his fellow comrades in the cave. An insert from â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† says, â€Å"Wouldnt he remember his first home, what passed for wisdom there, and his fellow prisoners, and consider himself happy and them pitiable?† (Plato). He then travels back into the cave to spread his knowledge. This whole theme of this parable is the journey from ignorance to knowledge, but in a Christians perspective we can connect it to different stages of a person coming from darkness to salvation. Michael Belote, writer and author of â€Å"Rise of the Time Lords† states that, â€Å"Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is the closest thing to the worldview of the modern Christian as can be hoped for. Like Plato, we believe that there is a truer Reality than what we see around us today. As I argued in my book everything we know is a projection of God’s Truth onto the natural world. God is greater than our three-dimensional unive rse, and what we see here is less ‘real’ than the true Reality of His kingdom† (Belote). It is amazing that a man more than 300 years before Christ has this kind of parable. It is as if it was preparation for the coming of Christ a few centuries later. The prisoners are chained unable to moveShow MoreRelatedThe Allegory Of The Cave1086 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the allegorical significance(s) of the cave in Plato’s Republic. How is the cave an allegory of Plato’s philosophy? How is the allegory of the cave an allegory for enlightenment or philosophical education? How and why are most human beings like prisoners in a cave? Who are the puppeteers? What does the world outside the cave represent? What does the sun represent? Etc. What is Plato’s Theory of the Forms? What is a Form? How does the allegory of the cave express Plato’s Theory of the Forms? HowRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave907 Words   |  4 Pagesman follow the law, and how do implications of society affect our behavior. The most interesting topic from the Republic is from Book VII, the allegory of the cave. With the allegory of the cave Plato gives us the power to break the chains that bind us down and leads us to see the light. In the allegory of the cave Plato sets the scene with humans in a cave that have been chained since childhood so they are restricted from moving and looking around the room. These people only see the shadows castedRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1382 Words   |  6 Pageshis most intricate, yet his most important figure: the Allegory of the Cave. Socrates calls on the interlocutors to imagine a dimly lit cave in which a group of prisoners are chained behind a wall in such a way that they cannot move and are forced to stare at a wall all day. Thanks to a small fire, the prisoners are able to see the shadows of their imprisoners and images their imprisoners projected on the wall. Having always been in the cave, the prisoners believe the shadows are true; similarlyRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Allegory of the Cave there are prisoners are chained up together in which they are all facing the back wall. There is a firing behind the prisoners and the onl y thing that they can see are the shadows of the people behind them. The fire casts shadows on the wall so this is the only thing that they see. Their entire lives have been based on these shadows on the wall. These prisoners have been chained up since birth, so what they see on the walls is all they know. In the Allegory of the Cave, theyRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesof philosophy in Brooklyn College, once said â€Å"The only thing we know for certain is that nothing is certain.† This is the main philosophy behind both Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, and the renowned sci-fi movie â€Å"The Matrix.† Both works deal with escaping a false reality while unveiling a real one. In Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, the escaped prisoner synonymous to the character Neo in â€Å"The Matrix†, exhibiting a shared theme behind both plots. Socrates suggest that with effort, all that isRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave905 Words   |  4 PagesIn the allegory of the cave Plato tries to show us two scenarios where the prisoners experience emotional and intellectual revelations throughout their lives. Plato’s theory was that the ones who truly understand knowledge should guide the ignorant people out of their unenlightened states of being and into true knowledge. The cave symbolizes the people who think that knowledge come from what they see and hear in the world. It also indicates people that make assumptions about life based on the substantialRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay2021 Words   |  9 Pagesrecognizable image of Plato’s Republic, the message of the allegory of the cave is present not only in Book VII, but throughout the entire dialogue. Plato-as-Socrates uses the allegory to express his views on philosophy’s role in his city of speech which is later shown more deeply with the five regimes in Book VIII. The cities in the five regimes underg o a degradation as philosophy moves further and further away from the ruler; which also mirrors the cave. Plato reveals his belief that the city and philosophyRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages 3. Explain how the Allegory of the Cave represents Plato’s views about the nature of knowledge and the nature of reality. In the Allegory of the Cave there are chained prisoners in cave who can only stare at the cave wall in front of them. At the back there is a long entrance with a staircase the width of the cave and a fire burning in the distance. They see only shadows projected in front of them from a raised platform and hear an echo that they attribute to what they observe. They talk aboutRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1619 Words   |  7 PagesIn his allegory of the cave, Plato describes a scenario in which chained-up prisoners in a cave understand the reality of their world by observing the shadows on a cave wall. Unable to turn around, what seems to be reality are but cast shadows of puppets meant to deceive the prisoners. In the allegory, a prisoner is released from his chains and allowed to leave the cave. On his way out, he sees the fire, he sees the puppets, and then he sees the sun. Blinded by the sunlight, he could only stare downRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesThesis Allegory of Cave First what is perception and ignorance? Let us define perception as one’s view of life through rationalization of the external world and ignorance as an assumption without proof and contemplation. In the â€Å"Allegory of The Cave†, Plato uses Socrates to explain different types of people, one who sees the physical realm accepting ideas as they form and one who lives in knowledge realm by questioning those ideas. People of the knowledge realm are obligated to helps those in the

Neo-Confucianism Free Essays

Hart Benton Dr. Levey HI/Hon 282 26 November 2010 Neo-Confucian History and its Application to Government Neo-Confucianism arose in China during the Song Dynasty as a vehicle to reapply Confucian teachings and morality to an era in which Buddhist and Daoist followers were all but competing with Confucianism. Such competition found Confucianism becoming more and more related to the state as an official religion, reducing the true existence of Confucianism as predicated by Kung T’zu’s own canonical texts. We will write a custom essay sample on Neo-Confucianism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The revival of Confucian thought during this dynasty lead for replacement of a militaristically centered society academia and cultural achievements, changing the view of Chinese history and the historian as well as leadership in the government as both began to take on the characteristics of Confucian practices such as The Way. The transformation of the view of history was radical at best. The overall essence of history was questioned as notable historians such as Lu Zuqian and Zhen Qiao professed the correct way of viewing history to be to view history as a continuous stream as opposed to solitary confined moments in time.Lu notes that history must be viewed as the continued record of organic growth and change in Lu Donglai wenji. Zheng Qiao claims that Confucius’ credibility as a notable sage lie in his ability to view history as an entirety and the stream that makes it up as opposed to Ban Gu who compartmentalized history by narrowing on one topic, or as he literally puts it in Tongzhi, â€Å"Ban Gu wrote the history of only one dynasty, this principle of continuity has been ignored. †Another way that history became molded to the form of Confucianism was in its application. The application of history could be noted as a two- way process, one being the application of the past to see the present and thereby stimulating intellectual growth as well as practicability, and the other being that history provides morals of conducts for the historian. The latter has a greater sense of Confucian character in that the process of being provided the conducts of morality involves the historian to mentally ut himself into the actual situation, apply the context of the day, and imagine to face these facts and come to a conclusions. This, Lu Zuqian says, is the way â€Å"you will get real profit from your reading. † A sense of morality was also applied to the role of history in, quite literally, the beginning of the history. The words of an emperor were recorded in the Song Dynasty immediately at the moment, lending the historiographer to record the entirety of the emperor’s words, both the good and bad.In Zizhi tongjian, Sima Guang writes: The emperor sai d, â€Å"If I do something that is not good, do you then also record it? † Suilian replied, â€Å"My office is to wield the brush. How could I dare not record it? † The Gentleman of the Yellow Gate Liu Ji added, â€Å"Even if Suilang failed to record it, everyone else in the empire would† Zizhi tongjian The necessary morality of the emperors in their actions transcended itself through the historiographer’s recording and into the text and finally into the readers. Such a direct relationship between published and actual history manifests itself in the image of history as a mirror in this neo- Confucian era. The image is used in several ways: one being that upon looking in a mirror, everything is completely visible including any flaw or blemish. As Liu Zhiji states, â€Å"When a clear mirror reflects objects, beauty and ugliness are bound to be revealed. † It is the job of the historian to present a clean mirror, and as Zhiji also notes, â€Å"celebrate the good, censure the evil, and control the powerful† in doing so.The second way that the neo-Confucian role of history should resemble a mirror is that any government official, leader, statesman, or ruler should be able to look into the mirror and in the reflection make a value judgment and discover a truth about the issues in their day. Herein lays they connection between governmental leadership and history. Perhaps no Chinese Song historian better notes the close connection betwe en history and government than Sima Guang in his 294-chapter work, Zizhi tongjian, or Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance. Using this same metaphor of the mirror, Guang strikes on the fact of history becoming a predominantly political history and attaining an almost entirely political purpose. Just as part of Neo-Confucianism’s role in history relayed the essence of The Way in its acquiescence and practice, the same holds true for government policy. Cheng Yi memorializes an appeal for the Confucian Way to be adapted as a foundation for Chinese governmental policy implementation and return rule to scholars and sage kings as opposed to leaders focusing more on the role of the military as was evident in pre-Song dynasties.In the adaption of the Way to government policy, Cheng Hao took a more pragmatic Confucian stance on reform of government in association with the Way in that laws should â€Å"change according to the times and be embodied in systems that suited the conditions in obtaining each. † In other words, let not the policies of the day digress to blanketing an entire spectrum disregar ding of context and situational prowess, but rather cater the policy to where it fits in with the Way of the day by allowing the policy to follow in itself the Way.The emergence of Neo-Confucianism brought with it a change in the view of the development of history, application of history, and the role of the historian as history overall began to follow the role of the Way and morality throughout the Song Dynasty. With this shift in the role of history came the shift in role of government policy. As history became more politically applicable with the â€Å"history as a mirror† metaphor, government followed the role of history and it too began to follow The Way in its practice and usage as a moral system. How to cite Neo-Confucianism, Papers

Adelaide Brighton Produces Clinker

Question: Discuss about the Adelaide Brighton Produces Clinker. Answer: Introduction: The report aims to contrast two organisations, which are listed in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). The purpose is to check whether the organisations conform to the user needs in relation to the financial reports, which have been prescribed in the conceptual framework of accounting. In addition, the report further depicts the way that conceptual framework including prudence shows the differences in corporate reporting. Therefore, the two organisations that have been selected to fit the purpose of this study include Adelaide Brighton and ABM Resources NL. In addition, the reporting needs imposed on the accountants of the two organisations and those charged with corporate governance have been briefly enumerated. The scope of the study comprises of extracts from the annual reports of the two selected organisations and their conformance to the standard requirements of AASB. Henceforth, the report illustrates valid reasons for the compliance of the reporting needs, according to the guidelines of AASB. This has been conducted with the help of the extracts in relation to the notes of the financial statements and in the report of the Director. Adelaide Brighton is one of the leading organisations in Australia, which deals with lime, cement and dry blended products. In other words, the organisation is primarily engaged with the production process and product supplies required to develop and construct the infrastructure and utilise the same for processing of minerals throughout the Australian market. Adelaide Brighton is an ASX listed firm under SP/ASX 100 and the firm has an employee base of around 1,400 in different states and territories of Australia. In addition, the company is involved in encouraging and nurturing diversity, which is highly suited to ensure the interests of the shareholders (Adbri.com.au 2016). ABM Resources NL is an exploration firm, which has fostering numerous gold discoveries in the northern province of Australia. The firm is listed under SP 500/ASX with an employee base of around 1,000. The firm is committed to the programs if regional exploration throughout its widespread holdings (Adbri.com.au 2016). Analysis of Adelaide Brighton and ABM Resources NL: Compliance of the annual reports with the conceptual framework and AASB standard requirements The executive remuneration policy has been selected as the main factor with conformance to the annual reports with the conceptual framework and AASB requirements. The above-mentioned policy has been enumerated briefly in the context of the two chosen organisations: Adelaide Brighton: It has been observed from the annual report of the organisation that the executive remuneration comprises of 25% of awarded STI, which is transferred directly to the shares if Adelaide Brighton. 50% of the shares are deferred in two years, while the remaining shares are deferred in three years. The appointment of the CEO remuneration is developed on a part of short-term incentive and long-term incentive. In 2015, the distribution of remuneration, as per equity share for long-term incentives, has been 33.5%. However, in the year 2016, 33.5% distribution is associated with equity shares and 8.5% is associated with the short-tem incentives. The remaining incentives received on the part of the executive are associated directly with cash. The same is applicable for the key management personnel of the organisation. The diagrammatic illustration, as represented in the annual report, has depicted the increasing trend of the cash share and equity remuneration (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 1) . According to the financial performance disclosure in the report of remuneration summary of the directors, the strong financial position is associated with the company remuneration. In addition, the directors report of Adelaide Brighton depicts that the value of NPAT has risen by $35.2 million or an increase of 20.4% in 2014. According to the report of summary remuneration, the revenue of the organisation has increased by $75.3 billion. Along with this, the EBIT of the organisation has increased by $51.1 million with a percentage increase of 20.6%. The cash proceeds realised from the land sale have amounted to $47.9 million in 2015, which has generated NPAT of $34.9 million (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 2). ABM Resources NL: The executive remuneration of the members of the organisation is directly associated with both shares and profits. It has been observed that performance measurement ascertaining the compensation received on the part of the CEO is a combination of the cash shares. The main difference with Adelaide Brighton in relation to the executive compensation reporting has been observed in the percent distribution of the incentive allocation. The executive directors, key management personnel and staffs are provided with a fixed salary base and benefits. The net revenue of the organisation has declined considerably to $392,368 in 2015 from $4,948,009 in 2014. However, it has increased significantly to $36,149,624 in 2016. In addition, the organisation makes limited long-term benefits to the executive directors and key management personnel of the organisation. However, the percentage of remuneration distribution in the form of detailed breakdown has not been presented in the annual report of the organisation. In this regard, Carey, Potter and Tanewski (2014) advocated that the percentage of equity and cash distribution of remuneration is required to be depicted in the annual report to ensure transparency in the accounting policies of an organisation. The detailed presentation of the remuneration of ABM Resources NL has been presented in Appendices (Refer to Appendix 3 and Appendix 4). Conformance to remuneration disclosure in accordance with the AASB guidelines: According to the guidelines of AASB 1046, the organisations are required to disclose the remuneration structure of all the individual directors. In addition, a minimum of five executives need to be presented in terms of the economic enterprise at the time of preparing the financial report (Aasb.gov.au 2016). In addition, it is to be borne in mind that the executives and directors need to be treated as mutually exclusive individuals. From the remuneration report of Adelaide Brighton, the organisation has conformed to the AASB 1046 guidelines by disclosing the remuneration structure of five executives associated with the economic entity. The names of the organisational directors have been presented in Appendices (Refer to Appendix 5). On the other hand, ABM Resources NL has Prudence with the AASB benefits and guidelines Adelaide Brighton: In accordance with the notes to the consolidated financial statements depicted in the annual report of Adelaide Brighton, the contract revenues would fall under AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The prudence has been observed in terms of the replacement disclosures of the current AASB 118, which is involved with the product and service contracts along with AASB 111 involved with construction contracts and AASB 115. The major benefit includes minimising the risk associated with the control notion to realise at the time of product and service transfers to the customers. The diagrammatic representation of this disclosure of this disclosure has been presented in Appendices (Refer to Appendix 6). Therefore, Adelaide Brighton has complied effectively with the guidelines of AASB to assure the implementation of the same after January 1, 2018. In addition, the organisation has disclosed the current standard to cover up the leases according to AASB 117, which would be replaced by AASB 116. With the implementation of this standard, the major advantage would be the incorporation of a new accounting model, which has a single lessee for the realisation of assets and liabilities. These would include all leases having tenures of above one year (Humphrey, ODwyer and Unerman (2014). However, Henderson et al. (2015) argued that this could not be applied if the value of the underlying asset is low. In this case, the organisation has shown conformance to the AASB guidelines by ensuring the implementation of the standard after January 1, 2019. The disclosure has been presented in a diagrammatic view (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 7). ABM Resources NL: According to the annual report, the financial statements have been developed in compliance with the needs of the Corporations Act 2001 issued on the part of AASB. The disclosure provided under the obligation of retirement benefits has been valued under the guideline provided under AASB 119, which is related to employee retirement benefits. The prudence has been observed in relation to the disclosure of financial instruments of AASB 9. The major variation is observed in case of the data of application pertaining to standards of AASB 15 for the date of revenue recognition. In case of Adelaide Brighton, the rule would be applied after January 1, 2018, while for ABM Resources NL, the date is after July 1, 2018. In addition, the organisation has conformed to the AASB 15 lease guidelines by ensuring that the standard would be implemented after July 1, 2018. The major advantage would be seen in lessee terms, as they would be able to realise the liability of lease, which reflects the incorporation of right-of-use asset and future payments to be applied to the contracts (Carey, Potter and Tanewski 2014). In addition, another benefit would be further observed in information disclosures associated with the contract of leases and the interest expenses. Furthermore, it would enable segregation of liabilities with the financial operations, specifically for the leases having low value. The disclosure has been presented in the form of diagrammatic illustration (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 8). Tax disparity in disclosures Adelaide Brighton: As depicted out in the annual report of the organisation, it is clearly inherent that the operating income has been $298.6 million, while NPAT has been $207.9 billion. Although a detailed dissection of the report has been presented and observed to be identical; however the NPAT has been $207.8. Therefore, it could be adjudged as the overstatement in profit and loss account of the organisation (Guide 2013). ABM Resources NL: As per the income statement of the organisation, detailed segregation of the operating expenditures has been presented in the annual report. The loss before income tax and expense of the organisation has been found as $21,616759. In addition, the firm has disclosed its net income after tax accurately as $21,616,759 because the company has incurred loss. In this context, Kober, Lee and Ng (2012) stated that an organisation does not have to incur any tax payments, if it incurs net losses. Therefore, ABM Resources NL has not made any discrepancy in its reporting procedures. Leasing disclosures After evaluation of the annual report of the organisation, it has been found that the rights of lease have limited useful lives, which vary from two to twenty years. In order to amortise its intangible assets, the company uses the straight-line method. In addition, it has been observed that the financial lease of the organisation has been $0.7 million in 2015, while the non-current leases like long-term loans have been provided as $328.8 million along with sum of $329.5 million. Moreover, the organisation has made lease commitments of $1.7 million in 2016. ABM Resources NL: According to the annual report, the firm is not efficient enough to disclose its leasing amounts in terms of financial leases. The company has only disclosed its operating leases and it does not make utilisation of the straight-line method to depreciate or amortise its assets. It has been observed that the operating lease of ABM Resources NL has amounted to $35,496 in 2016, which has been $251,679 in 2015. This has been depicted in the form of a diagrammatic illustration (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 9). Conclusion: According to the criteria of remuneration disclosure, Adelaide Brighton has been highly efficient in depicting the distribution of cash and equity share of the company remuneration. On the other hand, ABM Resources NL needs to depict the cash apportionment and distribution of equity shares in an effective manner. According to the prudence with the guidelines of AASB, Adelaide Brighton needs to adopt AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers before January 1, 2018 for receiving the expected advantages. However, there is tax disparity in case of Adelaide Brighton in order to avoid overstatement of the financial reports of the organisation. Finally, in terms of leasing disclosures and disclosures related to intangible assets, Adelaide Brighton has been found to be more compliant in relation to the accounting framework of AASB. However, ABM Resources NL needs to disclose its financial leases in its annual report to maintain conformance to the previously-mentioned framework of account ing. References and Bibliographies: Aasb.gov.au. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB1046_01-04.pdf [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Abmresources.com.au. (2016).Company Overview ABM Resources. [online] Available at: https://www.abmresources.com.au/corporate/company-overview/ [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Adbri.com.au. (2016).Adelaide Brighton produces clinker, cement, concrete and lime.. [online] Available at: https://adbri.com.au/aboutus [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Carey, P., Potter, B. and Tanewski, G., 2014. AASB Research Report No. Carey, P., Potter, B. and Tanewski, G., 2014. Application of the Reporting Entity Concept in Australia.Abacus,50(4), pp.460-489. Guide, P., 2013. Introduction to the Financial Framework.Financial Management. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Humphrey, C., ODwyer, B. and Unerman, J., 2014. The Rise of Integrated Reporting: Understanding Attempts to Institutionalize a New Reporting Framework.Centre for Social Environmental Accounting Research (CSEAR), St Andrews. Kober, R., Lee, J. and Ng, J., 2012. Conceptual framework issues: perspectives of Australian public sector stakeholders.Accounting and Business Research,42(5), pp.495-518. Kober, R., Lee, J. and Ng, J., 2013. GAAP, GFS and AASB 1049: perceptions of public sector stakeholders.Accounting Finance,53(2), pp.471-496. McGregor-Lowndes, M. and O'Connell, A., 2013. Regulatory Impact Assessment of Potential Duplication of Governance and Reporting Standards for Charities. ODonnell, K., Hicks, B., Streeter, J. and Shantapriyan, P., 2015. Getting it right: directors assessment of information.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(2), pp.117-131. Ruhl, J.M. and Smith, O.M., 2013. The Accounting Entity, Relevance, and Faithful Representation: Linking Financial Statement Notes to the FASB and IASB Conceptual Frameworks.Issues in Accounting Education,28(4), pp.1009-1025. Ryan, C., Mack, J., Tooley, S. and Irvine, H., 2014. Do Not?For?Profits Need Their Own Conceptual Framework?.Financial Accountability Management,30(4), pp.383-402. Van Akkeren, J. and Tarr, J.A., 2014. Regulation, Compliance and the Australian Forensic Accounting Profession.Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting,6(3), pp.1-26. Wynder, M., Baxter, P. and Laing, G., 2012. Accountability and accounting standards: the effect of providing indicative but incomplete guidance rules.e-Journal of Social Behavioural Research in Business,3(1), p.1.

King Lear Consequences Of One Mans Decisions Essays - King Lear

King Lear: Consequences Of One Man's Decisions Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear is a detailed description of the consequences of one man's decisions. This fictitious man is Lear, King of England, who's decisions greatly alter his life and the lives of those around him. As Lear bears the status of King he is, as one expects, a man of great power but sinfully he surrenders all of this power to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him. This untimely abdication of his throne results in a chain reaction of events that send him through a journey of hell. King Lear is a metaphorical description of one man's journey through hell in order to expiate his sin. As the play opens one can almost immediately see that Lear begins to make mistakes that will eventually result in his downfall. The very first words that he speaks in the play are :- "...Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom, and 'tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we Unburdened crawl to death..." (Act I, Sc i, Ln 38-41) This gives the reader the first indication of Lear's intent to abdicate his throne. He goes on further to offer pieces of his kingdom to his daughters as a form of reward to his test of love. "Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love, Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn, And here are to be answered. Tell me, my daughters (Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state), Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend where nature doth with merit challenge." (Act I, Sc i, Ln 47-53) This is the first and most significant of the many sins that he makes in this play. By abdicating his throne to fuel his ego he is disrupts the great chain of being which states that the King must not challenge the position that God has given him. This undermining of God's authority results in chaos that tears apart Lear's world. Leaving him, in the end, with nothing. Following this Lear begins to banish those around him that genuinely care for him as at this stage he cannot see beyond the mask that the evil wear. He banishes Kent, a loyal servant to Lear, and his youngest and previously most loved daughter Cordelia. This results in Lear surrounding himself with people who only wish to use him which leaves him very vulnerable attack. This is precisely what happens and it is through this that he discovers his wrongs and amends them. Following the committing of his sins, Lear becomes abandoned and estranged from his kingdom which causes him to loose insanity. While lost in his grief and self-pity the fool is introduced to guide Lear back to the sane world and to help find the lear that was ounce lost behind a hundred Knights but now is out in the open and scared like a little child. The fact that Lear has now been pushed out from behind his Knights is dramatically represented by him actually being out on the lawns f his castle. The terrified little child that is now unsheltered is dramatically portrayed by Lear's sudden insanity and his rage and anger is seen through the thunderous weather that is being experienced. All of this contributes to the suffering of Lear due to the gross sins that he has committed. The pinnacle of this hell that is experienced be Lear in order to repay his sins is at the end of the play when Cordelia is killed. Lear says this before he himself dies as he cannot live without his daughter. "Howl, howl, howl! O, you are men of stones. Had I your tongues and eyes, I'd use them so That heaven's vault should crack. She's gone for ever! I know when one is dead, and when one lives. She's dead as earth. Lend me a looking glass. If that her breath will mist or stain the stone, Why, then she lives." (Act V, Sc iii, Ln 306-312) All of this pain that Lear suffered is traced back to the single most important error that he made. The choice to give up his throne. This one sin has proven to have massive repercussions upon Lear and the lives of those

Concert Report essays

Concert Report essays My first concert report will be on the performance by the Musaeus String Quartet on Tuesday, February 24. It featured Ms. Patrice Jegou as mezzo-soprano to the quartet. The string quartet consisted of Mr. Norbert Boehm and Mrs. Maria Geppert on the violin, Mr. Graham Tagg on the viola, and Mr. Mark Rodgers on the cello. Looking quickly over the program, the back of it consisted of the lyrics in German of the songs that Ms. Jegou was to perform. The first piece was Auf dem Wasser zu singen (Over the Water Singing) by Franz Schubert. As string quintet and quartets are meant for intimate settings, it provided the perfect setting for this piece. The piece wasnt played too loud by the quintet, more of a mezzo piano dynamic. Ms. Jegous mezzo-soprano voice carried well over the instrumentals, in a mezzo forte dynamic. The quintet played more of an accompanying role in polyphonic melody. The tempo of the piece was at moderato pace. In other words, the whole tempo of the singer and quintet was in a singing/ballad pace. This is very appropriate as to simulate singing over the water. The texture of the singing and instrumentals was very water-like. The harmonic consonance was also very effective in portraying the theme of the piece. The imitative polyphony was also one thing I noticed that really added to the effect of the music overall. I really enjoyed this piece because Ms. Jegous voice was very beautiful as she was v ery well paired with her fellow musicians. The second piece in the Schubert set was called Restless Love. This piece was in contrast played in a faster vivace tempo. The tempo was mostly vivace but had variances in it; sometimes it slowed to an adagio pace and then sped up again. This is very effective in illustrating the theme of the piece which deals with restlessness. The quintet like in the first piece played an accompanying role to Ms. Jegou. The harmony was consonant...

An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Grade Essay Example for Free

An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Grade Essay Introduction â€Å"Bright minds make bright future! † Preparatory children nowadays are far  Ã‚  better than before they are more advanced in teaching and more capable of absorbing the methods of learning that used with them. Modern teaching accompanied with modules and analytical measures develop the  preschooler’s memory retention that serves as the foundation of their education. Kids today  are more willing and not afraid to  try to discover new ways and methods of learning. The value of preschool is a  hot topic these days. A small but growing number of  studies link enrolment in preschool or child care  centers (which typically include a  preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests The early childhood stage is a  permanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for  children  before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. The institutional arrangements for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do the names  applied to the institutions. Effective preschool education can help make all children ready to learn the day they start school and, more importantly, help close the  enormous gap facing children in  poverty. Preschool gives our kids the strong  foundation they need to be  successful in school and in life. Children who attend pre-kindergarten programs have bigger  vocabularies and increased math  skills, know more letters and more letter-sound associations, and are more familiar with words and book concepts, according to a number  of studies (Patson P. Opido 2010). The child is the ultimate concern in all educational processes. He is the beginning at the end of all educational efforts. The goal of education is to help every child grow up well-rounded; physically well-developed, mentally healthy, intelligently alert, emotionally secure and socially well adjusted. These can be truly achieved by giving attention to the child’s foundation. The first day of the children in school is a unique experience. It may be their first contact with big group of children. The difference among first grade pupils in their level of preparedness to grade one work may vary. The grade I teacher should be aware of the differences in the children’s readiness; some readiness is the springboard to do actions. Knowing pupil’s differences will guide the teacher on what to do to develop them to the fullest ( Lindberg and Swedo, 1995). A child born of a healthy, responsible and emotionally mature parents has a good foundation. His parents, especially the mother, guide him through the proper habits of eating, sleeping and cleanliness. An individual’s attitude toward himself and others, his behaviour either at work or at play, and his emotional roots in his early childhood experiences. What he learns at home constitutes the basis for future learning and adjustment. As the child develops social awareness, he needs to experience association with a larger group outside his home. Parents send their children to school simply because they want them to develop basic health habits and self sufficiency. Furthermore, this also includes the ability to use language patterns for simple and correct social attitudes in relation to the company of people around him, whether adults or other children and the appreciation of the aesthetic attributes of his immediate surroundings. Modern teaching accompanied with modules and analytical measures develop the preschooler’s memory retention serving as the foundation of their education. Kids today are more willing and not afraid to try to discover new ways and methods of learning. The value of preschool is a hot topic these days. A small but growing number of studies link enrolment in preschool or child care centers (which typically include a preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests. The early childhood stage is a permanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for children before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. Parents on the other hand, play a vital role in educating their children because they are their first teachers, which is the greatest contribution before a child ever begins his formal education in school. When a child enters the formal school, he carries out with him the acquired values from his parents. Just like the teacher’s task, if parents fail to perform their responsibilities, it may bring misbehaviour on their children which may directly or indirectly affect the child’s academic performance. In the Philippine public elementary schools today, inner tensions have been continuously affecting the learners going to grade one level, especially those who had never gone to any kind of schooling before. These learners entering grade one have many apprehensions. Most of them have no experiences in going to school. Parents are not capable of sending them to school especially those in remote and slum areas. Instead of giving their children a chance to study in Day Care Centers and Kindergarten in some public elementary schools, they ended up waiting for their to be accepted in Grade One. With these scenarios the pupils encounter difficulties in catching up with different skills like numeracy and literacy which are now the basic skills necessary in the first grade level of formal schooling. These children also suffer in relating themselves to their new environment, the school. In order to have a smooth transition from home to school and to prepare them socially and psychologically, the curriculum on the Early Childhood Experiences was recommended for adoption in all public elementary schools as included in Every Child A Reader Program ( ECARP). It aims to developing the reading readiness and developmental reading in Grade one as launched by the Department of Education. One of the major goals of the 2015 Education for All (EFA) is the expansion of the coverage and improvement of the quality of the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) programs in the country. The present government administration in its Ten-Point Agenda has declared a policy calling for the standardization of preschool and day care centers. The Department of Education (DepEd) in support of this thrust will administer School Readiness Assessment Test to All Grade One Entrants, effective SY 2005-2006. The School Readiness Assessment (SRA) is a tool to determine the readiness of Grade One entrants in tackling formal Grade One work. The School Readiness Assessment Tool will be administered by Grade One teachers assisted by the Grade Two and Three teachers one week before opening of classes. The assessment shall not be treated as an entrance test or examination. No child shall be refused entry to Grade 1 based on the results neither of this assessment nor without preschool experience. To continuously determine the school readiness of all Grade One Entrants, the School Readiness Assessment (SReA) was administered. One of the objectives of SReA is to assess pupils’ readiness across the different developmental domains – gross and fine motor, receptive/ expressive language, cognitive domain and socio- economic domain. The result obtained was the basis for grouping the Grade One entrants. It was also used to guide Grade One teachers in providing appropriate instruction and assistance to address specific needs of the pupils. The result of the School Readiness Test in May 2011 identified that there were at least forty two point ninety eight percent of the school population of Grade One entrants were not ready. Children with No Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) has low average in pupils’ readiness across the different developmental domains – gross and fine motor, receptive/ expressive language, cognitive domain and socio- economic domain. Background of the Study The researcher is motivated by the above mentioned situation and this led to the conceptualization of this study. As an educator, the researcher is faced with the fact that there is an imperative need to strengthen and streamline the internal management of educational arrangements in order to achieve efficiency and responsiveness to trends and challenges of the next millennium. It is therefore the aim of this study to empower parents and positively influence them on affirmative effects of pre-school education in the holistic development of their children particularly on the advancement of their academic performance. The value of preschool is a  hot topic these days. A small but growing number of  studies link enrolment in preschool or child care  centers (which typically include a  preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests. The early childhood stage is a  permanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for  children  before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. The institutional arrangements for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do the names  applied to the institutions ( Bustos Alicia and Espiritu 1985). The Early Childhood Experiences Curriculum, hence all Grade One teachers are expected to implement it. Teachers are also encouraged to make use of local songs, games, dances and indigenous materials to enrich the curriculum. It is hoped that the Early Childhood Experience for Grade One will greatly benefit the children and strengthen efforts to make the schools child-friendly. Theoretical Framework This study is anchored on Edward Thorndike’s, Jerome Bruner’s, and B. F. Skinner’s Theories of Learning. These theories enabled the researcher in the conceptualization of this work. The Law of Readiness as advocated by Thorndike is associated with mind set. It states that when an organism is prepared to respond to a stimulus, allowing doing so would be satisfying while preventing him would be annoying. This law works well in this study because the children is mentally ready to learn. The Law of Exercise states that the constant repetition of response strengthens its connection with the stimulus, while disuse of response weakens it. The exercises given to the children using a modifiable connection like instructional materials enables them to acquire the learning easier and faster because the responses will be utilized, the stronger the connection to be developed. Thus, when a modifiable between a stimulus and a response has been made, it is strengthened if its results in satisfaction as the Law of effect proves. Jerome Bruner’s (1915) theory of Instrumental conceptualization is also applied as it involves (3) three simultaneous processes as: Acquisition, Transformation and Evaluation. This theory of learning believes that the acquisition of whatever form of knowledge acquisition, who selects structures, retains and transforms information. Teaching without the use of proper strategic plans will result to failure. Through School Readiness Assessment Test (SReA), pupils will acquire knowledge through different techniques used by the researchers. Hence, learning to read is facilitated by Skinner’s Theory. Conceptual Framework This study focused on the evaluation of academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience of Sto. Nino Elementary School. The independent variable consist of School Readiness Assessment Test (SReA) for children with and without Early Childhood Experience while the dependent variable is the academic performance of the respondents in terms of the following: Sensory Discrimination, Concept Formation, Numeracy, Reading Readiness and Construction and Visual Motor Integration. Research Paradigm Independent Variable Dependent Variable Figure 1 The above figure shows the relationship of independent variables to dependent variables of the study. Statement of the Problem This study intended to evaluate the academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) at Sto. Nino Elementary School, Division of San Pablo City. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1. What are the mean pre-test scores of the two groups of pupils in terms of the following: a) Sensory, b) Concept Formation, c) Numeracy, d) Reading Readiness and e) Construction and Visual- Motor Integration? 2. What are the mean post-test scores of the two groups of pupils in terms of the following: a) Sensory Discrimination, b) Concept Formation, c) Numeracy, d) Reading Readiness and e) Construction and Visual Motor- Integration? 3. Is there a significant difference in the mean scores between the pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and their performance? Hypothesis The hypothesis stated below was tested in this study. There is no significant difference in the mean scores between the pupils with Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and those without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and their performance in terms of the following: i. Sensory Discrimination, ii. Concept Formation, iii. Numeracy, iv. Reading Readiness and a. Construction and Visual- Motor Integration? Significance of the Study This study is of importance to the pupils, teachers, principals, parents and other researcher for the following reasons: Pupils are primary group which the study would benefit. They are the central point to be given much consideration because they are the recipients of this study. They will be assessed and it would be a big help for them to improve their academic performance. Teachers are the facilitators of learning. They may be able to undertake possible teaching alternatives that may be facilitate, enhance and improve their teaching skills to cater the needs of the pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience in order to improve their academic performance. They will specifically take cognizance of their status at present in terms of the problem arising in their own classroom. Likewise, they could assess definitely where the problem lie and thus, make remediation to solve them. Therefore the learners’ needs would be taken into considerations. The results of this investigation will also help other teacher in the field since the problems raised here may have also help them to improve the academic performance of their pupils. Principals are the ones who initiate support for every change that happens in the school. Good management and supervision of the school and the teachers, respectively, are the responsibility of the principals. Results which this study reveal may enable the school heads to plan out better and more effective ways to evaluate the academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience. It is very important to take in consideration the needs of Grade One pupils because it is the foundation year for them. In that case the principal ought to have a plan to cater the individual needs of the learner to improve their academic performance to elevate the quality of education in the country. Parents are stakeholders of the school. The findings of this study are important to parents because they need to be informed about the performance of their school children in school. Through this, they will know the importance of Early Childhood Experience (ECE) for their children. For this reason, they will send them in preschool. So that their children will not be shocked with their new environment. The parents will work hand and hand with the teacher in facilitating strategies to evaluate the academic performance of the learners. They may also help influencing their children to have a good study habits. Their support to their children and school is important so that the goals will be attained. Other researchers who would be interested with this problem may gain further insights in developing their own research work. The data that will be revealed by this study may be used by other researcher to enhance their own studies. They may also use it as related study or augment data that they have to come up with a more comprehensive knowledge about the problem presented here into. Scope and Limitation of the Study The focus of the study to be conducted is An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Sto. Nino Elementary School, Dapdapan, District, Division of San Pablo City. It limits its coverage on the result of School Readiness Assessment (SReA) which includes the following areas – Sensory Discrimination, Concept Formation, Numeracy, Reading Readiness, and Construction and Visual Integration; the Pre test and Post test of School Readiness Assessment (SReA) and the instructional module being devised to answer the needs of Grade One pupils. The respondents of the study will be eighty (80) pupils of Sto. Nino Elementary School, forty (40) pupils with Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and forty (40) pupils without Early Childhood Experience (ECE). Definition of Terms For the interpretation of the study, the terms used are defined in order to avoid vagueness or ambiguousness meaning. Therefore, provide the reader a common point of reference. Public Elementary SchoolsThese are school managed, operated and maintained by the national government. It offers curricular programs for Grade One to Six children. Sensory Discrimination These refer to exercises in discriminating simplest form of mental operation that was clearly intellective. It includes exercises on identifying same and different shapes. Concept FormationThese refer to exercises that requires the learner to construct the properties of the object from the definition. It includes exercises on completing statements showing simple analogy. Numeracy The term refers the ability to learn the specific tasks in Mathematics like counting, arranging, sequencing sets of objects. The numeracy skills are designed to help with the more advanced levels of mathematics that pupils will encounter during the school lives and also into their adulthood. It includes exercises pointing out which has more or less sets. In this study, it pertains to the level of achievement of the Grade One pupils in different learning skills in Mathematics as perceived by their Grade One teachers. Construction and Visual-Motor Integration These skills refer to the smooth coordination of the eyes and hands working together. Sto. Nino Elementary School Public Elementary school situated in Brgy. Sto. Nino, San Pablo City where the present study is being conducted. Grade One Pupils. Refer to children entering the formal school in the primary grades as prescribed by the Department of Education, whose ages ranges from six (6) years old and above. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents literature and studies which are related to the problem. The materials found in local and foreign books, educational journals and magazines, documents, guidelines and reports by Department of Education provided references. Related Literature Philosophy and Goals of Elementary Education. Philosophy of pre-school education as stated in DECS Memo no. 107 s. 1989 considers the child, the school and the teacher with the support of the family in the maximizing the child’s potential. Pre-school education is based on the knowledge that each child is unique individual with his own biological make up, interest, capacities, and ways of viewing the world. He has a tremendous capacity for learning. He is active and understands the world differently from adult. His language has developed with acquisition of wide vocabulary making him capable of communicating his ideas and feelings. A pre-school child is always on the process of becoming, and therefore if properly developed can become a critical thinker and a socially sensitive, directed, creative, responsible and caring individual. Pre-school education must aim to develop children in all aspects physical, social, emotional and cognitive so that they will be better prepared to adjust and cope with life situations and the demands of formal schooling. By doing so, learning gaps and dropouts may be reduced or avoided to the maximum. Objectives of Pre-School education is founded on the following objectives; (Inc.DECS Memo No. 45 1995). They are as follows: To develop the child in all aspects ( physical, social, emotional and cognitive) so that they may be better prepared to adjust and cope with the life situations within the context of his experience. To maximize the child’s potential through a variety of carefully selected and meaningful experiences considering his interests and capabilities, and; To develop the child in all aspects so that he becomes a self- propelling, thinking and contributing individual able to make decisions which all prepare him more complex demands for future life. DepEd Order No. 10, s. 2004 is the legal basis in the implementation of the Enhanced Eight-Week Early Experiences for Grade One. Its main thrust is development of academic skills among learners. It is because most Grade One entrants have not gone through pre-school experiences. Hence, the Early Childhood Experience has been enriched and aligned with the BEC making it’s integral part of the Grade 1 Curriculum. In 1995, Early Childhood Experiences for Grade One was institutionalized at the same time as the official age for entry into the primary school was dropped to six years of age. All Grade One teachers were requested to implement the Eight-Week Curriculum and gradually move to the regular Grade One curriculum. Pursuant to DepEd Order No. 15, s. 2005, which calls for the administration of School Readiness Assessment for All Grade One Entrants, all incoming Grade 1 shall undergo a school readiness assessment using the revised tool. The School Readiness Assessment (SRA) will be administered by Grade 1 teachers to be assisted by Grade II, III and master teachers of their respective schools. This assessment shall be administered twice. The first assessment given on May. The second shall be administered after the children have undergone 8-week curriculum, focusing on the competencies not manifested by the child during the first assessment. The SRA will determine the level of progress of Grade 1 entrants across different developmental domains that are critical in tracking Grade 1 learning competencies. The result shall be the basis for grouping the Grade 1 entrants. It will be also used to guide Grade 1 teachers in providing appropriate instruction and assistance to address specific needs of the pupils through the utilization of the 8-week curriculum. The assessment shall not be treated as an entrance test or examination as children may be anxious about passing or failing. No child shall be refused entry to Grade 1 based on the results of this assessment. â€Å" Educating our children at an early stage will give more chance for young Filipinos in the future to compete for jobs and opportunities in the new world order in which better educated and highly skilled persons have become the most valued resources. † Giving access to free quality early childhood education will bridge the gap between the rich and the poor that will give our less privileged countrymen a strong foundation for the challenges in the next millennium. (Eduardo J. Angara, 1997) The Early Childhood Care and Development ( ECCD ) Law, enacted in 2000, recognizes the importance of early childhood and its special needs, affirms parents as primary caregivers and the child’s first teachers, and establishes parent effectiveness, seminars and nutrition counselling for pregnant and lactating mothers. The law requires the establishment of a National Coordinating Council for the Welfare of Children which: (a) establishes guidelines, standards, and culturally relevant practices for ECCD programs; (b) develops a national system for the recruitment, training, and accrediting of caregivers; (c) monitors the delivery of ECCD services and the impact of beneficiaries; (d) provides additional resources to poor and disadvantaged communities in order to increase the supply of ECCD programs; (e) encourages the development of private sector initiatives the Republic Act 6972 known as â€Å" Barangay (village) Level Total Protection of Childen Act† has a provision that requires all local government units to establish a day-care centre in every village ; the law institutionalized the features of day-care programme that provide for young children’s learning needs aside from their health and psychosocial needs. The universalization of early childhood education and standardization of preschool and day care centers was established though the Executive Order No. 658 of 2008 (Expanding the Pre-School Coverage to Include Children Enrolled in Day Care Centers). (PTFE 2008). According to Clark (2002), in her article First Grade Readiness, there are signs one can look for, to know if a child is a ready for first grade. In the physical realm, the first grade child’s limbs are now proportion with the body and head . There is a loss of baby far and greater definition in the face. In the emotional realm, the young child who once expressed strong emotions through sudden outburst now has a feelings that begin to deepen. A child will talk of â€Å"hurt feelings† and being sad. Socially, the first grade ready child begins to form friendships which go deeper than before. The child feels loyalty for friends and often expresses the desire to be with them. In the mental realm, there is the birth of free memory. This is different than the memory of a four year old. The younger child’s memory must be triggered by a sight, smell, or rhythmic verse when the memory and recall it will. Kagan (2000) stated that the concept of school readiness has been defined and redefined over the years resulting in differing viewpoints. Several theories of child development and learning have been used to explain the term. In fact, there appears to be two types of readiness: readiness to learn, which involves a level of development at which the child has the capacity to learn specific materials, and readiness for school and readiness for school which involve specific set of cognitive, linguistic, social and motor skills that enable a child to assimilate the school’s curriculum. According to Quinto (2001) the lowering of entrance to six years old for grade one pupils in the Philippines public elementary schools have created inner tensions, especially to those who had never gone to any kind of school before. So, in order to have a smooth transition from home to school and to prepare them socially, psychologically, the curriculum on the Early Childhood Experiences was recommended for adoption in all public elementary schools. Studies show that child’s mind is almost full developed before he reaches the age of five. This presents a need for an organized early childhood education. Pre-elementary or preschool education is one of the latest trends in childhood education which gives equal opportunities to all children at the lowest step of educational ladder. Preschool education holds a prominent place, being that level in the school system wherein children are trained to be better prepared for grade one. For the development of the child, the curriculum focuses on these areas of development: physical ( gross and fine motor coordination through play and manipulated activities like games, simple work); cognitive ( communication skills, sensory-perceptual concepts, numeracy skills); personal social (health habits and independence in dressing, eating, sleeping, toileting; relating with teachers, peers and other people through group play and interaction; follow rules and routine. Groark (2006) stresses that the school and district administrators, as well as policymakers are increasingly recognizing that early education and intervention services for young children have a direct and positive impact on later school performance and quality. Soliven (1999) stated that an authority on child development, underscores the significance of pre-primary education to the mental development of children citing the results of research which showed that pre-primary education is important to the child, she pointed out the intellectual capacity of the child is most susceptible to reaches a substantially higher rate of intellectual development of Early Childhood especially in a favourable environment. It is apparent that intelligence is best developed in the first six years of life, if the child is exposed to a favourable environment for development during this formative period. Vittetow (1994) former Education Expert of International Cooperation Administration (ICA) in his Educational Series Bulletin for the Bureau of Public Schools gave growth characteristics of Pre-school Filipino children, which are true to all children at this level of growth and development. Said development and growth includes: 1) Physical Characteristics, 2) Mental Characteristics, 3) Social Characteristics, 4) Emotional Characteristics, 5) Spiritual and Moral Characteristics and 6) Aesthetic Characteristics. According to Kats (2001) what the children learn, how they learn, and how much they learn depend on many factors. Among the most important factor’s are the child’s physical well-being, and his emotional and cognitive relationships with those who care for him. The school readiness goal reflects two concerns about the education of young children. The first is that the increasing numbers of young children in poverty, in single-parent households have limited proficiency in English are affected by the drug abuse of their parents have poor nutrition, and receive inadequate health care. The second area of concern involves such matters as the high rates of retention in kindergarten and primary grades, delayed school entry in some districts, segregated transition in classes in others and the increasing use of standardized tests to determine children’s readiness to enter school. Standardized tests used to deny children entrance to school or place them in special classes are inappropriate for children younger than six. These trends are due largely to the fact that an academic curriculum and direct instruction teaching practices that are appropriate for the upper grades have gradually been moved down to the kindergarten and first grade. These two areas of concern suggest that reaching the school readiness goal will require a twofold strategy: one part focused on supporting families in their efforts to help their children get ready for school, and the second on helping the schools to be responsive to the wide range of development levels, backgrounds, experiences, and needs of children to bring them in school. Watson (1985) pointed out that groups of children of higher economic status have higher level of intelligence than those favored economic status, the higher their average IQ’s on Standford – Binet or similar verbal test. The mismatch between the schools and children from low income working class families had led to concerted attempts to involve parents from these families in the schools. When the school can involve low-income parents, their children’s school attendance increases, the children are less disruptive in class and less aggressive on the playground, their classwork improves, and they are more likely to complete their homework. If they are raised in emotionally secured homes they tend to be emotionally secured children. If they are raised in homes which lack happiness and have little emotionally security they may in time tend to be unhappy and insecure. However, these differences between higher and lower socio-economic groups may be due to non-intellectual factors. Some of these factors serving to depress intelligence test scores among the lower socio-economic groups could be greater resistance to taking test, the effect of nutritional deficiencies, different attitudes towards education, suspicion, lack of support and the like. Although any or all of these factors seem reasonable, there are no definite research to establish the answer conclusively. It has been observed that most elementary teachers do not have the necessary educational background to teach visual arts. University of Hawaii’s Professor, Dr. Stephanie Feeny (1986); stresses the importance of the arts in the development of the thinking process in children. An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Grade. (2016, Oct 06).

Welfare, Policy And The Law In Social Work Practice Essay

Welfare, Policy And The Law In Social Work Practice - Essay Example These practitioners provide methods and means supporting counseling individuals experiencing personal trauma, grief and depression (Bell2002). The understanding of the bereavement theory in this context improves Social work practitioners also engage in providing services such as the development, monitoring and implementation of policies and guidelines that facilitate best bereavement practice and care. According to Thompson, N. (2000) this entails training and consultations to bereaved individuals attributed to various circumstances (Thompson 2000). This essentiality of this is strengthening the link between those who are bereaved and depressed and the continuous provision of improved and quality services. In the context of the case study, Sayeed is a 50-year-old Indian male who stays in UK and has lost his job under unclear circumstances where he claims to be discriminatory and unfair is in despair and distress. After loosing his job Sayeed has not been able to provide to his family prompting her wife Juliet, a 45-year-old English teacher threatening to leave her because he is not able to provide for the family needs. Therefore in order to understand the intervention requirement that Sayeed needs to overcome his situation, it is important to have an insight on the supporting the bereaved theory and practice (Bell2002). BEREAVEMENT THEORY According to Adams, R., Dominelli, L. and Payne, M. (2002) their studies shows that research on bereavement has increased and gained prominence. Attributed to these studies is the emergence of several models which are aimed to help and guide to who are bereaved. It is notable that individuals who are bereaved have physical, cognitive, cognitive and behavioural components which have variance in disruptiveness and length (Adams et al 2002). Other research shows that providing appropriate and adequate support sometimes results into alleviation of probable future bereavement of depression. However this is not to mean that depresse d and bereaved persons such as Sayeed will require help or should be pathologised. Therefore asserting from this it is important for the professionals to have a strong knowledge base in regard to providing support to the bereaved. Preferably is the solid scientific knowledge base on the bereavement theory and practice. Bereavement theory and practice enhances personal experience of the practitioner which is essential in dealing with emerging depression and bereavement situations (Adams et al 2002). The weakness associated to this approach is that it is too restricted to generalization of validity in regard to new situations. Another major weakness is that the personal experience is influenced by the subjective prejudices and values. In order to be inform with the practice ascribed in the bereavement theory five models is selected which enhances sensitivity of any situation and also when working with the bereaved. The bereavement theory is important because it is useful in dealing wi th life-changing events such as loss of work, illness, divorce and redundancy. To fully understand bereavement theory and what it entails in the context of the case study and is relating social practice the following are the underlying models. Phases and stages According to Lishman (2007) in his study provides that attachment to something gives the basis for understanding bereavement attributed to the loss of work. He further provides that commonly there is human tendency of developing commitment towards work (Lishman 2007). This attachment

Hazardous Materials Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hazardous Materials Assignment - Essay Example shipment, mitigate the effects of accidents causing the spillage of the hazardous chemical to the environment, and prevent the personnel from accidentally inhaling or ingesting the product: Containment vehicles or trucks will be attached with unobscured markings of chemical name â€Å"Arsenic† and labeling with corresponding photo for â€Å"POISON† with white background using durable materials, as well as coloring the containment unit with colors that contrast the labels, as prescribed in  §172.304 and  §172.430. Bulk transport of arsenic is allowable under  §173.242 through the use of intermediate bulk containers (IBC’s) made out of metal or rigid plastic that meet the passing rate of performance standards such as bottom lift, top lift, stacking, and drop tests as mentioned in  §178.803. Other materials neither are nor recommended due to possible sifting or leakage. It is thus recommended that IBC’s be used to contain the multiple packages of the chemical while inside the delivery

Assessing A Companys Future Financial Health Essay Example for Free

Assessing A Companys Future Financial Health Essay Google is a multinational corporation that serves thousands of consumers worldwide. Through Internet related products such as Internet searches, maps, emails, mobile apps, and other online contents for users Google became the company it is today. Every employee of Google is different in his or her own way; making it a well-diversified organization similar to the global audience they serve. Google’s mission statement is to organize information from all around the world and make it universally accessible at a quick and orderly fashion. This means creating a search engine smart enough to understand the difference between Jaguar, the car, and jaguar, the animal. Google went public in 2004 and has been doing exceptionally well ever since. It has an estimated number of over three hundred million servers using the search engine every day. From these statistics it is easy to say that Google is number one in the Internet information industry. This industry is considered to be one of the most important economic sectors due to the fact that it is for industries that are information intensive. Although there are many search engines similar to Google, such as Yahoo, Facebook, Groupon, Microsoft, and Pearson education, Google seems to be the one consumers use more frequently. The analysis of this paper will discuss the current financial status of Google, conditions relevant to the market, competitors, and recent news. One way to measure the financial health of Google’s current status is to analyze the S.W.O.T analysis: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This being said Google should maintain its current strengths of a successful audience which helped reach a high of $13,100,000,000 operating income for the current fiscal year. With the growth of the company over the last five years Google’s net income, gross profit, and revenue have gradually increased. Hitting a low point towards the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009 then rising again in 2010. Even  during a recession, a time of need, Google remained lucrative through its assets, liabilit ies, stable stock price, and efficiency for paying back debt. Google’s total assets have steadily increased from 2008 to 2012. Some key figures to point out in their assets are the slow growth between the second half of 2008 to the second of 2009. This slow growth period is probably due to the economic recession. Google also saw a strong growth in assets from the second quarter of 2012 to the third quarter 2012. Google has mainly kept its liabilities relatively low compared to assets. There was some increase in liabilities in 2010 as well as an extensive increase 2012 compared to earlier years. The stock price during the recession drastically decreased for many companies but this was not the case for Google. In 2008, the beginning of the recession, Google’s stock price increased by $7; every year since the recession the stock price has risen and is predicted to continue rising for future years. Google also remains a strong company because of their efficiency on paying back their debt with their cash received from operations. This can be shown by their operating cash flow to total debt ratio. Google’s operating cash flow to total debt ratio is 2.56%. Meaning cash is double the amount of debt issued. Therefore, Google is able to pay back their debt fairly quick. Although Google has some strength’s the company also has some weaknesses. A key factor that contests Google’s respected reputation is its bond rating. In 2011 Google started to issue bonds; they received a rating of AA, the fourth down level of ratings a company can receive. However, the double a rating still means the company is a high credit-quality investment. According to credit rating Agency Moody’s, who gave the rating, Google received the rating due to their substantial financial flexibility as well as its conservative financial philosophy. For the year ending December 31, 2012 for Google, it finished with $60,454,000 in current assets. This is a big increase from 2011, which had $52,758,000 in current assets, a total increase of $7,696,000. The bulk of this increase is due to net  receivables, which could be the result from selling advertising space on credit or one of the many products Google offers. Cash and cash equivalents also had a major jump of $4,795,000, which could be the result from selling phones, advertising, apps, and other cash generating assets Google owns. This is a promising sign to investors because if they can sustain the growth hopefully enough cash will be retained and dividends will be offered. Assets 2012 2011 2010 Current Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents14,778,000 9,983,000 13,630,000 Short Term Investments33,310,000 34,643,000 21,345,000 Net Receivables 9,729,000 6,387,000 5,261,000 Inventory 505,000 35,000 Other Current Assets 2,132,000 1,710,000 1,326,000 Total Current Assets 60,454,000 52,758,000 41, 562, 00 Google’s total assets have steadily increased dating back from 2008 to 2012. Some key figures to point out in their assets are the slow growth between the second half of 2008 to the second of 2009. This slow growth period is probably due to the economic recession. Google also saw a strong growth in assets from the second quarter of 2012 to the third quarter 2012. Google has mainly kept its liabilities relatively low compared to assets. There was some increase in liabilities in 2010 as well as an extensive increase 2012 compared to earlier years. Google has a total asset turnover of .6%. The total asset turnover can be interpreted to mean the amount of sales, that each unit of assets can generate. Simply, its smarter to get more sales on the assets that you are deploying to a business. The higher the total asset turnover, the better the business is doing. Therefore, Google’s percentage of .6% is an indication that the company is below the average industry of .7%. The current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay short-term liabilities. The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its liabilities. Google has a current ratio of 3.94, in comparison to the industry average of 4.8%. Due to the fact that Google is under the industry average it means that Google can pay  back its short-term debt but not as quick as other companies in the industry. The quick ratio is very similar to the current ratio; in the way it also measures the company’s ability to pay of short-term liabilities. The only difference is that it adds the inventory of the company to its calculations. Google maintains a quick ratio of 3.7, which still shows it, is efficient in paying off its short-term obligations. The debt to equity ratio indicates wha t proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. Google has a debt to equity ratio of 11.61%. This is considered high and means that the company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. The high number can result in inconsistent earnings as a result of additional interest expense. Google has a return on assets of 10.5%. This is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. Since Google maintains an ROA below the industry average, of 15.6%, this shows that the company is earning less money on investments. Google has ‘day’s sales outstanding’ or DSO of 49.8. This means that Google takes a relatively long time to receive revenue once a sale has been made. This could be because most of their sales could be done on credit. With the expansion of the industry, Google has an opportunity for growth. The current growth rate for 2012 for Google is 11.29% and it is predicted to increase to 17.43% in 2013. The reason Google is predicted to grow over the next year or so is because the demand for online use is more predominant. With the growth of this industry it is vital that Google is aware of the threats it may encounter. One of Google’s biggest competitors, Microsoft, has introduced a newly organized search engine called Bing. The search engine Bing is gradually growing and advancing their technology making them a threat towards Google. Whenever Google advances their technology Bing turns around and does something to make their search engine better, creating a war between the two. Google is generally strong in its ability to cover debt. It has a current ratio of 3.94%, meaning it can efficiently cover its short-term liabilities. The company also has a debt to assets ratio of .07%. This number measures the company’s financial risk by determining how much of the company’s assets have been financed by debt. Since Google’s number is equal to industry average it is easy to infer that Google has average financial risk because its assets are significantly higher than its short and long term debt. Google also shows a strong ability to pay off their  interest because their EBITDA to interest ratio is extremely high at 154.64. The operating cash flow to total debt ratio measures how well the cash generated from Google’s operations covers current liabilities. Google’s operating cash flow to total debt ratio is also high at 2.56. This is a good sign and means Google is able to generate a large sum of cash to pay off debts. When a company with operating cash flow is considerably higher than its net income the company is considered to have high quality. This is the case with Google. In 2008 Google’s net income was $6,632,000,000 and its operating cash flow was $7,853,000,000. Over the last five years both net income and operating cash flows have increased. Net income increased to $13,339,000,000 and the cash from operating activities increase to $15,874,000,000. Since Google is generating a good amount of their money back they have been able to reduce debt alo ng with buying backs some of their stock. Google investing activities primarily consist of information technology, consumer discretionary, and financials. In 2008 Google’s investing activity started out at $5,319,000,000 and gradually increased over the last five years till it reached $19,041,000,000 in 2011. In the beginning of 2012 Google’s investing activities decreased to a $12,101,000,000. In 2012 Google’s main investment was information technology with a hint utility research. Over the last few years Google has spent an exceptional amount of money on capital expenditures, items that last a long time to keep the company running. Over the last three years Google spent an average of $2,755,333,000 on capital expenditures. Cash from financing activities measures the movement of cash between a firm, its owners, and creditors. Financing activities consist of issuing dividends and issuing or selling stock. In 2008 and 2009 there was no long-term or short-term debt issued but in 2010 Google issue over $5,246,000,000 worth of debt and only paid back $1,783,000,000 of the debt. The following year Google issued $10,179,000,000 dollars’ worth of debt and repaid more then 2/3s of the debt, making them a credible company. Over the last few years Google did not have any dividends. In 2010 Google repurchased a stock of $801,000,000 because they felt their stocks were undervalued. When a company buys back stock they increase their earnings per share and increase the market value of the outstanding shares. From 2009 to 2010 cash from financing increased drastically, from $233,000,000,000 to $3,050,000,000,000. With a CAPM beta of 1.23 and a P/E ratio of 21.65 Google is a riskier firm. Google’s beta of 1.23 is above average making it riskier than other firms in the industry due to the amount of debt issued. However, firms with higher risk have higher return. Google’s P/E ratio is also currently under the industry average of 28.70% making the stock undervalued. Over the next year Google had predicted that their P/E ratio would decrease to 17.88. Return on equity or ROE, shows a corporation’s profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. Relative to the industry average of 15.30% Google has a relatively high ROE of 17.18%. Meaning Google generates a strong profit with the money shareholders invested in the company. In comparison to Google, Microsoft has a ROE of 24.5%, EBay has a ROE of 21.28%, Akamai Technologies has a ROE of 8.94%, and Baidu with an exceptionally high ROE of 53.6%. Another way to compare Google to its competitors is to compare benchmarks. Benchmarking of Google’s competitors would be measured in terms of profit margin. The higher the profit margin the more profitable a company is. Google has a profit margin of 59.92 % while its biggest competitor Microsoft has a profit margin of 75.23% and Apple has a profit margin of 43.87%. This means that Microsoft has a competitive advantage of cost control compared to Google, Apple, and other com petitors in this industry. Throughout the years Google has remained a strong well-known company that supplies organized information from all around the world to thousands of consumers every day. Through exploiting strengths, executing opportunities, fixing weaknesses, and distinguishing threats Google can remain a top-notch company and continue to dominate the Internet Information system. Some recent news for this company is the mind-blowing lawsuit between Apple and Google. Within the last year Apple had sewed Google for seeking unreasonably high license fees for patent use on wireless technology. Apple claimed that Motorola was in violation of their patent by seeking a license fee of 2.25 percent of the price of devices. Over the last week Google was  pleased to hear that this lawsuit was dropped due to the fact that there was no basis for the claim. References: Google Inc. Yahoo Finance. Yahoo, n.d. Web. . â€Å"Google Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results Investor Relations Google. Google Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚“ Investor Relations ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚“ Google.n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012. Reference for Business. Google, Inc.N.p. n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.

Drinking And Driving Essay -- Alcohol, Drunk Driving, DUI

What possesses a person to get behind the drivers’ seat of a car and drive intoxicated? This question is always asked whenever a drunk driver is involved in a drinking and driving incident. Many people drink and drive without thinking about the consequences. The majority of fatal car crashes are caused by alcohol related incidents. Of all traffic fatalities in the United States in 2005, 39% of traffic related accidents were alcohol related (Alcohol Alert, 2006). Driving while intoxicated puts drivers and others lives at risk. Drinking and driving do not mix and the consequences can be prevented. A simple solution can be by simply having designated drivers to help keep drunk drivers off the road. All 50 states have a designated blood alcohol concentration level. This blood alcohol concentration level is determined when a person is legally drunk. A person is not permitted to operate a vehicle when this limit is reached. The limit for all 50 states for the blood alcohol concentration level is .08. 43 states and the District of Columbia have strict laws that prohibit the driver and the passengers from possessing an open container of alcohol in the passenger compartment of a vehicle (DUI and DWI Laws, 2007). Drinking alcohol can have many side effects on a person. Every person’s body will react differently to alcohol absorption. Alcohol begins to be absorbed into a person’s bloodstream within one to two minutes after an alcoholic beverage is consumed. After consuming alcohol it accumulates in the bloodstream. Intoxication usually occurs when an individual drinks alcohol faster than the liver can oxidize it. While the percentage of alcohol in the blood increases, the more a person becomes intoxicated (Hanson, 2007). Remember th... ...or his or her actions, there would be fewer accidents in the world. The next time someone gets behind the wheel of a car he or she should reevaluate their actions and think of the consequences. References Alcohol Alert. (2006). Alcohol alert. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from http://www.alcoholalert.com/drunk-driving-statistics.html Drinking and Driving Data. (2007). Nhtsa. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/kids/research/drinking/index.cfm DUI and DWI Laws. (2007). Iihs. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from http://www.iihs.org/laws/state_laws/dui.html Hanson J.D., (2007). Alcohol Problems and Solutions. Potsdam. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from http://www2.potsdam.edu./hansondj/DrinkingAndDriving.html Jourard, R. (2007). Drinking and Driving. Retrieved June 13, 2007, from defencelaw Web site: from http://www.defencelaw.com/drinking-driving-1.html

Probable Probability; Rolling Dice

Statistics is based upon based upon common sense and logic, in a complex data. Probability is just one of the many topics in statistical mathematics. It is used in our daily life, all over the world. Even games, require taking a chance and using probability to determine the predicted outcomes. Probability is the measure of how often a particular event will happen if something is done repeatedly, (596 Webster’s Dictionary). You cannot determine any events that will happen in the future, because there is always a chance that something odd will happen, (Linn 39-40).Probability originally started for the purpose and attempt to analyze games of chance. Probability is also used in determining the outcomes of an experiment. Sample space is the collection of all results. Probability is a way to assign every event a value between zero and one. What is the probability of rolling a pair of dice, or a deck of cards, or a jar of marbles? What is the probability of conceiving a boy or a gir l? Many more are determined by the usage of the probability method.Probability is used to represent the likelihood that odds of winning a random drawing chance of rolling a seven when rolling two dice. When rolling a six-sided die there are six possible events that correspond to the six face of the die that contains either one, two, three, four, five, and six dots. Rolling a die and turning up an even number of dots would be one example, (2, 4, and 6). Probabilities are formally written as decimals in the range of 0-1. Meaning the event occurred. Meaning a certain event must occur.When rolling a die, getting a seven, eight, or nine or more dots is an impossible event. Two dots or fewer are a certain event. Probabilities can also be written informally in percentage for example 50-50-%. There is no negative probability chance. The probability of getting a face that has two dots on a die is 1/6(1. The probability of not getting the face containing three dots is 1/6, which is (1-1/6) = 5/6 or =. 833. Mutually exclusive means you cannot have two faces of one die at the same time. For example the probability of getting a face of two dots and a face of four dots is 1/3 or . 33, because the probability is the sum of the probability of rolling a two (1/6) and the probability of rolling a four is (1/6). This is a classical concept, because it is based upon prior knowledge of the process involved, in this case the rolling of a die. This approach of probability often predicts that all basic events are equally likely to occur. When this is true, the probability that a particular event will occur is defined by the number of ways the event can occur divided by the total number of elementary events. My chance of passing statistics class depends on probability.